本文档将详细讲解如何使用 Flutter 和工具打包发布多平台应用，包括 Android、iOS、Windows、macOS、Web 和 Linux。并通过 flutter_distributor 工具来实现高级打包功能。

准备工作

  1. 安装 Flutter SDK

    • 下载并安装 Flutter SDK：Flutter 官网

    • 配置环境变量：

      export PATH="$PATH:/path-to-flutter/bin"

  2. 检查环境配置

    flutter doctor

  3. 安装 flutter_distributor 工具

    • 安装 flutter_distributor

      dart pub global activate flutter_distributor

  4. 项目初始化

    • 创建一个新的 Flutter 项目或打开现有项目：

      flutter create my_app
cd my_app

Android 打包

  1. 使用 Flutter 命令打包 APK

    • 打包 APK 文件并分离 ABI：

      flutter build apk --release --split-per-abi

    • 输出的打包文件位于 build/app/outputs/flutter-apk/。

  2. 发布 AAB 文件

    • 如果需要发布 AAB 文件到 Google Play：

      flutter build appbundle --release

iOS 打包

  1. 打包 iOS 应用

    • 不签名的 Release 构建：

      flutter build ios --release --no-codesign

  2. 生成 IPA 文件

    • 进入构建输出目录：

      cd build/ios/iphoneos/

    • 创建 Payload 文件夹并移动应用：

      mkdir Payload
cp -r Runner.app Payload/

    • 打包成 IPA 文件：

      zip -r Runner.ipa Payload

Web 打包

  1. 打包 Web 应用

    flutter build web --release

  2. 打包结果

    • 构建输出位于 build/web 目录中。
    • 可以将其部署到任何支持静态文件托管的服务（如 Nginx、Firebase Hosting）。

Windows 打包

  1. 打包 Windows 应用

    • 使用 Flutter 构建：

      flutter build windows

    • 构建结果位于 build/windows/runner/Release 目录。

  2. 高级打包工具

    • 使用 flutter_distributor 打包为 EXE 或 MSIX（详细见 高级功能）。

macOS 打包

  1. 打包 macOS 应用

    flutter build macos

  2. 构建输出

    • 构建结果位于 build/macos/Build/Products/Release 目录。

  3. 高级打包工具

    • 使用 flutter_distributor 打包为 DMG（详细见 高级功能）。

Linux 打包

  1. 打包 Linux 应用

    flutter build linux

  2. 构建输出

    • 构建结果位于 build/linux/x64/release/bundle 目录。

  3. 高级打包工具

    • 使用 flutter_distributor 打包为 DEB、RPM 或 AppImage（详细见 高级功能）。

高级功能：flutter_distributor

flutter_distributor 是一个强大的工具，支持跨平台发布和高级打包选项。

安装

确保 flutter_distributor 已安装：

dart pub global activate flutter_distributor

配置文件

为高级打包配置所需的文件：

  • macOS:

    • 如果打包 DMG 安装包：macos/packaging/dmg/make_config.yaml

      title: 应用名称
contents:
  - x: 448
    y: 244
    type: link
    path: "/Applications"
  - x: 192
    y: 244
    type: file
    path: 应用名称.app

    • 如果打包 PKG 安装包：macos/packaging/pkg/make_config.yaml

      install-path: /Applications
#sign-identity: <your-sign-identity>

    • distribute_options.yaml

      output: dist/

  • Windows:

    • 如果打包 exe 安装包：windows/packaging/exe/inno_setup.sas

      [Setup]
AppId={{APP_ID}}
AppVersion={{APP_VERSION}}
AppName={{DISPLAY_NAME}}
AppPublisher={{PUBLISHER_NAME}}
AppPublisherURL={{PUBLISHER_URL}}
AppSupportURL={{PUBLISHER_URL}}
AppUpdatesURL={{PUBLISHER_URL}}
DefaultDirName={{INSTALL_DIR_NAME}}
DisableProgramGroupPage=yes
OutputDir=.
OutputBaseFilename={{OUTPUT_BASE_FILENAME}}
Compression=lzma
SolidCompression=yes
SetupIconFile={{SETUP_ICON_FILE}}
WizardStyle=modern
PrivilegesRequired={{PRIVILEGES_REQUIRED}}
ArchitecturesAllowed=x64
ArchitecturesInstallIn64BitMode=x64
CloseApplications=force

[Languages]
{% for locale in LOCALES %}
{% if locale == 'en' %}Name: "english"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Default.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'hy' %}Name: "armenian"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Armenian.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'bg' %}Name: "bulgarian"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Bulgarian.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'ca' %}Name: "catalan"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Catalan.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'zh' %}Name: "chinesesimplified"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\ChineseSimplified.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'co' %}Name: "corsican"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Corsican.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'cs' %}Name: "czech"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Czech.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'da' %}Name: "danish"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Danish.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'nl' %}Name: "dutch"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Dutch.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'fi' %}Name: "finnish"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Finnish.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'fr' %}Name: "french"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\French.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'de' %}Name: "german"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\German.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'he' %}Name: "hebrew"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Hebrew.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'is' %}Name: "icelandic"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Icelandic.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'it' %}Name: "italian"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Italian.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'ja' %}Name: "japanese"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Japanese.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'no' %}Name: "norwegian"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Norwegian.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'pl' %}Name: "polish"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Polish.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'pt' %}Name: "portuguese"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Portuguese.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'ru' %}Name: "russian"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Russian.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'sk' %}Name: "slovak"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Slovak.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'sl' %}Name: "slovenian"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Slovenian.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'es' %}Name: "spanish"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Spanish.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'tr' %}Name: "turkish"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Turkish.isl"{% endif %}
{% if locale == 'uk' %}Name: "ukrainian"; MessagesFile: "compiler:Languages\\Ukrainian.isl"{% endif %}
{% endfor %}

[Tasks]
Name: "desktopicon"; Description: "{cm:CreateDesktopIcon}"; GroupDescription: "{cm:AdditionalIcons}"; Flags: {% if CREATE_DESKTOP_ICON != true %}unchecked{% else %}checkedonce{% endif %}
Name: "launchAtStartup"; Description: "{cm:AutoStartProgram,{{DISPLAY_NAME}}}"; GroupDescription: "{cm:AdditionalIcons}"; Flags: {% if LAUNCH_AT_STARTUP != true %}unchecked{% else %}checkedonce{% endif %}
[Files]
Source: "{{SOURCE_DIR}}\\*"; DestDir: "{app}"; Flags: ignoreversion recursesubdirs createallsubdirs
; NOTE: Don't use "Flags: ignoreversion" on any shared system files

[Icons]
Name: "{autoprograms}\\{{DISPLAY_NAME}}"; Filename: "{app}\\{{EXECUTABLE_NAME}}"
Name: "{autodesktop}\\{{DISPLAY_NAME}}"; Filename: "{app}\\{{EXECUTABLE_NAME}}"; Tasks: desktopicon
Name: "{userstartup}\\{{DISPLAY_NAME}}"; Filename: "{app}\\{{EXECUTABLE_NAME}}"; WorkingDir: "{app}"; Tasks: launchAtStartup
[Run]
Filename: "{app}\\{{EXECUTABLE_NAME}}"; Description: "{cm:LaunchProgram,{{DISPLAY_NAME}}}"; Flags: {% if PRIVILEGES_REQUIRED == 'admin' %}runascurrentuser{% endif %} nowait postinstall skipifsilent


[Code]
function InitializeSetup(): Boolean;
var
  ResultCode: Integer;
begin
  Exec('taskkill', '/F /IM 应用名称.exe', '', SW_HIDE, ewWaitUntilTerminated, ResultCode)
  Result := True;
end;

      windows/packaging/exe/make_config.yaml

      app_id: 6L913538-42B1-4596-G479-BJ779F21A65D
publisher: 应用名称
publisher_url: https://github.com/aaa/aaa
display_name: 应用名称
executable_name: 应用名称.exe
output_base_file_name: 应用名称.exe
create_desktop_icon: true
install_dir_name: "{autopf64}\\应用名称"
setup_icon_file: ..\..\windows\runner\resources\app_icon.ico
locales:
  - ar
  - en
  - fa
  - ru
  - pt
  - tr
script_template: inno_setup.sas

    • 如果打包 msix windows/packaging/msix/make_config.yaml

      display_name: 应用名称
publisher_display_name: 应用名称
identity_name: 应用名称.appioi
msix_version: 2.5.7.0
logo_path: windows\runner\resources\app_icon.ico
capabilities: internetClient, internetClientServer, privateNetworkClientServer
languages: en-us, zh-cn, zh-tw, tr-tr,fa-ir,ru-ru,pt-br,es-es
protocol_activation: 应用名称
execution_alias: 应用名称
certificate_path: windows\sign.pfx
certificate_password:
publisher: CN=8CB43675-F44B-4AA5-9372-E8727781BDC4
install_certificate: "false"
enable_at_startup: "true"
startup_task:
  parameters: --autostart

  • Linux:

    • linux/packaging/appimage

      有两个文件linux/packaging/appimage/AppRun

      #!/bin/bash

cd "$(dirname "$0")"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=usr/lib

# Usage info
show_help() {
cat << EOF
Usage: ${0##*/} ...
start app or app, when no parameter is given, app is executed.
    -v              show version
EOF
}
show_version() {
    printf "app version "
    jq .version <./data/flutter_assets/version.json
}
# Initialize variables:
service=0 #declare -i service
OPTIND=1

# Resetting OPTIND is necessary if getopts was used previously in the script.
# It is a good idea to make OPTIND local if you process options in a function.

# if no arg is provided, execute app
if [[ $# == 0 ]];then
    exec ./app
else

# processing arguments

    case $1 in
        appCli)
            exec ./appCli ${@:3}
            exit 0
            ;;
        h)
            show_help
            exit 0
            ;;
        v)  show_version
            exit 0
            ;;
        *)
            show_help >&2
            exit 1
            ;;
    esac



fi

      linux/packaging/appimage/make_config.yaml

      display_name: App名称

icon: ./assets/images/source/ic_launcher_border.png

keywords:
  - Hi

generic_name: App名称

actions:
  - name: Start
    label: start
    arguments:
      - --start
  - name: Stop
    label: stop
    arguments:
      - --stop

categories:
  - Network

startup_notify: true

app_run_file: AppRun

# You can specify the shared libraries that you want to bundle with your app
#
# flutter_distributor automatically detects the shared libraries that your app
# depends on, but you can also specify them manually here.
#
# The following example shows how to bundle the libcurl library with your app.
#
# include:
#   - libcurl.so.4
include: []

    • linux/packaging/deb 文件 linux/packaging/deb/make_config.yaml

      display_name: Hiddify
package_name: hiddify
maintainer:
  name: hiddify
  email: linux@hiddify.com

priority: optional
section: x11
installed_size: 6604
essential: false
icon: ./assets/images/source/ic_launcher_border.png

postinstall_scripts:
  - echo "Installed Hiddify"
postuninstall_scripts:
  - echo "Surprised Why?"

keywords:
  - Hiddify
  - Proxy
  - VPN
  - V2ray
  - Nekoray
  - Xray
  - Psiphon
  - OpenVPN

generic_name: Hiddify

categories:
  - Network

startup_notify: true

    • linux/packaging/rpm linux/packaging/rpm/make_config.yaml

      display_name: App
url: https://github.com/app/app-next/
license: Other

packager: App
packagerEmail: linux@App.com

priority: optional
section: x11
installed_size: 6604
essential: false
icon: ./assets/images/source/ic_launcher_border.png

keywords:
  - Hi

generic_name: App

group: Applications/Internet

startup_notify: true

命令示例

  1. 打包 macOS (DMG 和 PKG)

    flutter_distributor package --flutter-build-args=verbose --platform macos --targets dmg,pkg

  2. 打包 Windows (EXE 和 MSIX)

    flutter_distributor package --flutter-build-args=verbose --platform windows --targets exe,msix

  3. 打包 Linux (DEB、RPM 和 AppImage)

    flutter_distributor package --flutter-build-args=verbose --platform linux --targets deb,rpm,appimage

常见问题

1. 如何调试打包错误？

使用 -v 查看详细日志：

flutter build apk -v

2. flutter_distributor 不工作？

确保 dart 的全局路径已配置：

export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.pub-cache/bin"

3. 打包 Web 访问问题？

检查服务器配置是否正确，确保支持 HTML5 路由。

结语

通过本文档，您可以轻松完成 Flutter 多平台应用的打包与发布。高级用户还可以利用 flutter_distributor 工具实现更复杂的打包需求。如有问题，请参考 Flutter 官方文档 或加入社区寻求帮助。